Glossary

Fashion Trends and Innovations

1. Rise of Youth Culture:

   • The late 1950s, including 1959, saw the emergence of youth culture as a significant influence on fashion. This was marked by a rejection of the older generation's styles in favor of more casual, rebellious looks. Teenagers began to shape trends, leading to the popularity of rock 'n' roll-inspired clothing, including leather jackets, jeans, and T-shirts.
   • Teddy Boys and Beatniks: The Teddy Boy subculture, characterized by drape jackets, narrow trousers, and brothel creeper shoes, was prominent, though it was starting to give way to the more intellectual, minimalist Beatnik style, which included black turtlenecks, berets, and striped tops.

2. Couture and High Fashion:

   • Christian Dior: Even though Christian Dior had passed away in 1957, his influence was still felt strongly in 1959. His successor, Yves Saint Laurent, continued to evolve Dior's "New Look," introducing more relaxed, modern silhouettes.
   • Coco Chanel: Chanel made a strong comeback in the 1950s, and by 1959, her tweed suits and little black dress were iconic. Her designs represented a shift towards more practical, wearable clothing for women.
   • Balenciaga: Cristóbal Balenciaga was also at the height of his career in 1959, known for his sculptural designs that played with volume and proportion. His "sack dress," introduced earlier in the decade, continued to influence fashion.
   • Pierre Cardin and André Courrèges: These designers were laying the groundwork for the space-age and futuristic designs that would become more prominent in the 1960s.

3. Ready-to-Wear:

   • The ready-to-wear (prêt-à-porter) market was expanding, making high fashion more accessible to the general public. Designers started producing lines that were more affordable, catering to the growing middle class.

Major Events in Fashion

1. Barbie Doll Introduction:

   • The Barbie doll was introduced by Mattel in March 1959. This event had a profound impact on fashion, as Barbie became a fashion icon with her wide range of outfits and accessories. Barbie's wardrobe reflected contemporary trends and helped popularize certain styles among young girls.

2. Influence of Hollywood:

   • Hollywood continued to have a major influence on fashion. Films like "Some Like It Hot" (1959) showcased glamorous, sophisticated styles that were emulated by women worldwide. Marilyn Monroe's iconic looks in this film and others set trends in makeup and clothing.

Cultural and Societal Context

1. Post-War Prosperity:

   • The post-war economic boom of the 1950s continued into 1959, bringing with it increased consumerism. People had more disposable income, which they spent on clothing and fashion accessories. This era also saw the rise of department stores and fashion boutiques.

2. Cold War Influence:

   • The Cold War had an indirect impact on fashion, with some designers drawing inspiration from the space race and technological advancements. This would become more pronounced in the following decade.

Anniversaries and Commemorations

1. Chanel’s Comeback:
   • 1959 marked 5 years since Coco Chanel’s return to fashion in 1954. Her re-emergence was celebrated as she had successfully reclaimed her position in the fashion world, particularly with her iconic tweed suit.

Disasters and Challenges

1. Textile Industry Issues:
   • The textile industry faced challenges, particularly in terms of labor disputes and the shift towards synthetic fibers. There was concern over the impact of automation on jobs within the industry.
   • Environmental Impact: The increased use of synthetic fibers like polyester and nylon raised early concerns about environmental impact, though these issues would not become prominent in public discourse until later decades.

Topics of Discussion

1. The Role of Women:

   • There was ongoing debate about the role of women in society, which was reflected in fashion. The push for more practical, less restrictive clothing was partly a response to the growing number of women entering the workforce.

2. Globalization of Fashion:

   • The fashion world was becoming increasingly globalized, with influences from other countries, particularly Italy and France, becoming more prominent in the American fashion scene.

Summary

1959 was a year of transition and innovation in fashion, marked by the rise of youth culture, the continuing influence of haute couture, and the growing importance of ready-to-wear fashion. The introduction of the Barbie doll, the enduring legacy of Christian Dior and Coco Chanel, and the influence of Hollywood all played a role in shaping the fashion landscape. At the same time, broader societal changes, such as the role of women and the impact of technology, were beginning to influence fashion in new ways.